Angular HTTP POST Example

By Arvind Rai, January 27, 2024
Angular HttpClient performs HTTP requests. The HttpClient methods are get(), post(), put(), delete() etc. To perform HTTP POST, we need to use HttpClient.post() method.
On this page we will provide the example to use HttpClient.post and HttpClient.get() methods. We will display data with Observable as well as Promise. For testing purpose we are using angular in-memory web API to post and fetch data. Find the complete example step-by-step.

HttpClient.post()

The HttpClient.post() method performs HTTP POST method. The HttpClient.post() constructs an Observable instance. The HTTP POST request is performed only when this Observable instance is subscribed. The HttpClient.post() method has more than one overloads. Find the generic syntax.
post(url, body, options): Observable 
url: 'string' type. This is the endpoint URL to post the data.
body: 'any' type. This is the content to post.
options: 'Object' type. This represents the HTTP options. HTTP options object can be as following.
options: {
    headers?: HttpHeaders|{[header: string]: string | string[]},
    context?: HttpContext,
    observe?: 'body'|'events'|'response',
    params?: HttpParams|
          {[param: string]: string | number | boolean | ReadonlyArray<string|number|boolean>},
    reportProgress?: boolean,
    responseType?: 'arraybuffer'|'blob'|'json'|'text',
    withCredentials?: boolean,
  } 
If we don’t pass value for options parameter, then object with default values is considered by HttpClient.post() method.
To use HttpClient.post() method in our Angular application, we need to follow below steps.
Step-1: Import HttpClientModule in application module.
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
@NgModule({
  imports: [     
     HttpClientModule,
      ------
  ],
  ---------
}) 
export class AppModule { } 
Step-2: We should perform server communication in a service class and not in component. This approach is preferable by design. In a service class we will use dependency injection to get the instance of Angular HttpClient service as given below.
constructor(private http: HttpClient) { } 
Step-3: Now we are ready to use post() method as follows.
Observable<any> ob = this.http.post(this.url, book, options); 
The post() method returns instance of Observable that can be later subscribed to get result.

Angular In-Memory Web API

Angular provides in-memory web API to process HTTP request in test environment. Angular in-memory web API provides a dummy URL to test application that can be replaced by actual REST web service URL later. To use it in our Angular application, we need to follow below steps.
Step-1: Install angular-in-memory-web-api using below command from root folder of the project.
npm i angular-in-memory-web-api@0.11.0 --save 
Step-2: Create a class implementing InMemoryDbService interface. In our example we are creating an in-memory DB for books.
book-data.ts
import { InMemoryDbService } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';

export class BookData implements InMemoryDbService {
  createDb() {
    let books = [
      { id: 1, name: 'Core Java' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Angular' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Hibernate' }
    ];
    return { books };
  }
} 
To interact with DB, URL will be api/books .
Step-3: Before using DB we need to configure our above class in application module as following.
import { InMemoryWebApiModule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';
import { BookData } from './book-data';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    ------
    InMemoryWebApiModule.forRoot(BookData)
  ],
  ------
})
export class AppModule { } 
Find the link for more information on in-memory web API.
For testing purpose, we can also use JSON-Server instead of Angular In-Memory Web API.

HttpClient.post() with Observable

Find the code snippet to use HttpClient.post() with Observable.
addBookWithObservable(book:Book): Observable<Book> {
	let httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders({
		'Content-Type' : 'application/json',
		'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
	});
	return this.http.post(this.url, book, { headers: httpHeaders }).pipe(
		map(this.extractData),
		catchError(this.handleErrorObservable)
	);
} 
HttpHeaders: It constructs a new HTTP header object with the given values.
pipe(): It combines functional operators into a chain.
map: It applies a given function to each element emitted by the source Observable and emits the resulting values as an Observable.
catchError: It catches the error thrown by Observable and handles it by returning a new Observable.

Find the code for extractData and handleErrorObservable methods used in the above code snippet.
private extractData(res: any) {
	let body = res;
	return body;
}
private handleErrorObservable(error: any) {
	console.error(error.message || error);
	return throwError(error);
} 

HttpClient.post() with Promise

Find the code snippet to use HttpClient.post() with Promise.
addBookWithPromise(book:Book): Promise<Book> {
	let httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders({
		'Content-Type' : 'application/json',
		'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
	});
	return this.http.post(this.url, book, { headers: httpHeaders }).toPromise()
			   .then(this.extractData)
			   .catch(this.handleErrorPromise);
} 
We convert Observable into Promise using RxJS toPromise() method.

Find the code for handleErrorPromise method used in above code.
private handleErrorPromise(error: Response | any) {
	console.error(error.message || error);
	return Promise.reject(error.message || error);
} 


Complete Example

Now find the complete example.
book.service.ts
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable, throwError } from 'rxjs';
import { HttpClient, HttpHeaders, HttpResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { map, catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';

import { Book } from './book';

@Injectable({
    providedIn: 'root'
})
export class BookService {
    url = "api/books";
    constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }
    getBooksWithObservable(): Observable<Book[]> {
        return this.http.get(this.url).pipe(
            map(this.extractData),
            catchError(this.handleErrorObservable)
        );
    }
    addBookWithObservable(book: Book): Observable<Book> {
        let httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders({
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
        });
        return this.http.post(this.url, book, { headers: httpHeaders }).pipe(
            map(this.extractData),
            catchError(this.handleErrorObservable)
        );
    }
    getBooksWithPromise(): Promise<Book[]> {
        return this.http.get(this.url).toPromise()
            .then(this.extractData)
            .catch(this.handleErrorPromise);
    }
    addBookWithPromise(book: Book): Promise<Book> {
        let httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders({
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
        });
        return this.http.post(this.url, book, { headers: httpHeaders }).toPromise()
            .then(this.extractData)
            .catch(this.handleErrorPromise);
    }
    private extractData(res: any) {
        let body = res;
        return body;
    }
    private handleErrorObservable(error: any) {
        console.error(error.message || error);
        return throwError(error);
    }
    private handleErrorPromise(error: Response | any) {
        console.error(error.message || error);
        return Promise.reject(error.message || error);
    }
} 
book.ts
export interface Book {
   id: number;
   name: string;
} 
Find the component that is using Observable.
observable.component.ts
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { BookService } from './book.service';
import { Book } from './book';

@Component({
   selector: 'app-observable',
   templateUrl: './observable.component.html',
   styleUrls: ['observable.component.css']
})
export class ObservableComponent implements OnInit {
   books: Book[] = [];
   errorMessage = '';
   bookName = '';
   book = { id: 0, name: '' };
   constructor(private bookService: BookService) { }
   ngOnInit() {
      this.fetchBooks();
   }
   fetchBooks() {
      this.bookService.getBooksWithObservable()
         .subscribe(books => this.books = books,
            error => this.errorMessage = error);
   }
   addBook() {
      this.bookService.addBookWithObservable(this.book)
         .subscribe(book => {
            this.fetchBooks();
            this.reset();
            this.bookName = book.name;
         },
            error => this.errorMessage = error);
   }
   private reset() {
      this.book.id = 0;
      this.book.name = '';
      this.errorMessage = '';
      this.bookName = '';
   }
} 
After adding book, we will fetch all books to display on UI. To ensure that we fetch books only after adding book, we should call fetchBooks() method inside subscribe() method.
Now find the HTML template.
observable.component.html.
<h3>Book Details with Observable </h3>
<ul>
	<li *ngFor="let book of books">
		Id: {{book.id}}, Name: {{book.name}}
	</li>
</ul>
<div>
	<div>
		<label>Id: </label>
		<input [(ngModel)]="book.id" />
	</div>
	<div>
		<label>Name: </label>
		<input [(ngModel)]="book.name" />
	</div>
	<div>
		<button (click)="addBook()">Add</button>
	</div>
</div>
<div *ngIf="bookName" [ngClass]="'success'"> {{bookName}} Added. </div>
<div *ngIf="errorMessage" [ngClass]="'error'"> {{errorMessage}} </div> 
observable.component.css
.success{
    color: green;
    font-size: 20px;
}
.error{
    color: red;
    font-size: 20px;
} 
Find the component that is using Promise.
promise.component.ts
import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { BookService } from './book.service';
import { Book } from './book';

@Component({
   selector: 'app-promise',
   templateUrl: './promise.component.html',
   styleUrls: ['promise.component.css']
})
export class PromiseComponent implements OnInit {
   books: Book[] = [];
   errorMessage = '';
   bookName = '';
   book = { id: 0, name: '' };
   constructor(private bookService: BookService) { }
   ngOnInit(): void {
      this.fetchBooks();
   }
   fetchBooks(): void {
      this.bookService.getBooksWithPromise()
         .then(books => this.books = books,
            error => this.errorMessage = error);
   }
   addBook(): void {
      this.bookService.addBookWithPromise(this.book)
         .then(book => {
            this.fetchBooks();
            this.reset();
            this.bookName = book.name;
         },
            error => this.errorMessage = error);
   }
   private reset() {
      this.book.id = 0;
      this.book.name = '';
      this.errorMessage = '';
      this.bookName = '';
   }
} 
After adding book, we will fetch all books to display on UI. To ensure that we fetch books only after adding book, we should call fetchBooks() method inside then() method.
Now find the HTML template.
promise.component.html
<h3>Book Details with Promise </h3>
<ul>
	<li *ngFor="let book of books">
		Id: {{book.id}}, Name: {{book.name}}
	</li>
</ul>
<div>
	<div>
		<label>Id: </label>
		<input [(ngModel)]="book.id" />
	</div>
	<div>
		<label>Name: </label>
		<input [(ngModel)]="book.name" />
	</div>
	<div>
		<button (click)="addBook()">Add</button>
	</div>
</div>
<div *ngIf="bookName" [ngClass]="'success'"> {{bookName}} Added. </div>
<div *ngIf="errorMessage" [ngClass]="'error'"> {{errorMessage}} </div> 
promise.component.css
.success{
    color: green;
    font-size: 20px;
}
.error{
    color: red;
    font-size: 20px;
} 
app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
   selector: 'app-root',
   template: `
		<app-observable></app-observable>
		<app-promise></app-promise>
             `
})
export class AppComponent { 
} 
app.module.ts
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
import { InMemoryWebApiModule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { ObservableComponent } from './observable.component';
import { PromiseComponent } from './promise.component';
import { BookData } from './book-data';

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,
    HttpClientModule,
    InMemoryWebApiModule.forRoot(BookData)
  ],
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    ObservableComponent,
    PromiseComponent
  ],
  providers: [
  ],
  bootstrap: [
    AppComponent
  ]
})
export class AppModule { } 
Find the print screen of the output.
Angular HTTP POST Example

Reference

Angular HttpClient

Download Source Code

POSTED BY
ARVIND RAI
ARVIND RAI







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